We know that the climate emergency is affecting our mental health. Our quick take:
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Does Climate Change Affect Mental Health?Poor mental health often goes hand in hand with poor physical health, financial strain, and worry about the future - all of which may stem from climate change. More erratic and extreme weather patterns can lead to a wide range of mental and emotional health problems, including stress, anxiety, depression, violence, and suicide.
The diagram below, created by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, shows the many ways climate change affects human health, both physically and mentally. While the physical dangers of a rapidly shifting climate are well-known, mental impacts are often overlooked. As we strive to adapt and grow, it's important to consider both. |
Mental Health and Our CommunityIndividual mental health contributes to the overall health of a community. When we feel anxious, stressed, depressed, irritable, or fearful, our moods can have ripple effects throughout our neighborhoods, towns, and nations. These effects may include:
On the other hand, when everyone feels generally happy, safe, and cared for, those feelings can have a positive impact on community well-being. |
How Does Climate Change Affect Mental Health?
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Who Is Most At Risk? |
A Catalyst for Personal and Community Growth |
Anyone can suffer from mental and emotional health problems, which strike regardless of background, especially in times of crisis or strife.
However, some circumstances can put particular groups at greater risk. children
Children are naturally resilient, but they also are particularly susceptible to distress and anxiety over traumatic events and climate-induced upheavals. Chronic stress can put children at risk of mental health issues later in life. Existing risk factors and protective factors play a role as well. women, pregnant women, and postpartum mothers
Women are more likely to experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mental health problems, and feelings of vulnerability or anxiety after climate-related disasters. Impacts to their mental health often affect the health of their children. The effects of climate change also can increase levels of domestic violence against women. seniors
Seniors typically have higher rates of untreated depression, more physical ailments, and a greater likelihood of social isolation. All of these factors can increase their susceptibility to the negative mental health impacts of climate change. native americans
Native Americans are more likely to struggle with climate change on a number of fronts. High rates of poverty put indigenous peoples at greater risk during extreme weather events, and historical trauma can make additional, climate-induced traumas more difficult to bear. The alteration of culturally and spiritually significant environments also can lead to grief, despair, and depression. those with prior or existing mental health struggles or trauma
Those with prior or existing mental health struggles or trauma may experience worsened symptoms in the face of climate change. In addition, many medications used to treat mental health disorders interfere with the body's ability to regulate heat, leading to increased potential for heat stroke and hyperthermia. low income population
People who are poor are less likely to have the resources to cope with climate change. They may not have access to health care, and they may be unable to take measures to make their homes cooler or safer during extreme events. Those who are homeless also lack protection from the elements, including heat and wildfire smoke. All of these factors increase susceptibility to anxiety, worry, chronic stress, and depression. those with heart and lung pre-existing conditions
Climate change is bringing increased wildfire smoke, hotter days, and a longer allergy season. All of these can affect people with asthma, cardiovascular problems, and even allergies, causing them to feel fearful, worried, stressed, isolated, and irritable. immigrants and refugees
Immigrants and refugees, in particular refugees from drought, sea-level rise, and hurricanes like New Orleans' Katrina, face the loss of loved ones, difficult financial circumstances, strained relationships with their new communities, and trouble adjusting to a new home. Such obstacles may lead to depression, anxiety, sadness, hopelessness, and domestic violence. |
In spite of its negative consequences, climate change presents a unique opportunity to promote growth and well-being above and beyond current levels. Rather than attempting to get "back to" pre-climate change levels of community health (which actually weren't very healthy for many of us) the threat of climate change provides an opportunity to adapt in ways that increase health, happiness, and resiliency for everyone.
Climate change can help us grow by:
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10 Ways to Increase Mental Health and Resiliency
1. Focus on personal relationships. Spend time with the people you love. Reach out to neighbors you don’t know well. Engage with people who are different than you and listen to what they have to say. And don't forget your furry friends! The more socially connected we are, the better we all feel.
2. Buy less stuff. Reducing our consumption not only decreases fossil fuel use, it also helps us focus more on the things that matter most to us. For people who are able to meet their basic needs, reducing additional consumption can increase happiness and well-being.
2. Buy less stuff. Reducing our consumption not only decreases fossil fuel use, it also helps us focus more on the things that matter most to us. For people who are able to meet their basic needs, reducing additional consumption can increase happiness and well-being.
3. Grow our urban forests. Plant trees and support tree-planting and care throughout our community. Studies show that greener neighborhoods decrease crime and violence, reduce stress, improve cognitive function, and increase feelings of well-being. For more info, check out our Shade page.
4. Identify a time when you overcame adversity to learn, grow, or find new meaning in your life. Revisit that situation in your mind when you’re struggling or feeling down, and remember you can apply these lessons to increase personal and community well-being in the face of climate change. |
5. Exercise (for those who are able). You don’t have to climb mountains or run. Even a 10-minute stroll can have positive effects. Physical activity releases chemicals in the brain that make us feel better. And don't forget to bring your pets!
6. Spend time outdoors (as long as it's not dangerously smoky). Visit your neighborhood park, work in a garden, or sit under a nearby tree. Research shows that small doses of nature close to home have a significant positive impact on our emotional well-being. 7. Talk about mental health to reduce the stigma around depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental health problems. 8. Adapt to increased heat, drought, and wildfire smoke. Check out these resources to learn how: Hotter Days and Warmer Nights, Drought and Low Flows, Wildfire Smoke. |
9. Envision new ways to promote happiness. Nations around the world are reconsidering economic growth as a primary goal. One alternative is to promote happiness and social well-being as the primary indicators of a healthy society.
10. Get involved! Engagement with issues that matter to us helps promote feelings of efficacy, empowerment, connectedness, and pride. Help build more vibrant, carbon-neutral communities. Volunteer for a nonprofit or faith-based organization that helps those in need. Call state and federal legislators. Make your home more energy efficient. For more ideas, check out Climate Smart Missoula’s Advocacy Page. |
Climate Change and Mental Health: Additional Resources
- Explore the U.S. Global Change Research Center's findings on Mental Health and Well-Being.
- The American Psychological Association has a comprehensive guide to Mental Health and Our Changing Climate.
- Discover the Mental Benefits of Urban Forests.
- Read a psychologist's take on the importance of allowing ourselves to grieve as we cope with changes to our Earth.
- The University of Montana's own Roslyn LaPier discusses the impacts of climate change on Native American spiritual practices.
- Mental Health Effects of Climate Change provides an overview of this topic. 2015.
- This 2011 article explores Sustainable Consumption, Energy Policy, and Individual Well-Being.
- This 2016 paper addresses how cities' adaptations to climate change often exacerbate existing social inequalities.